Model‐based design of a plant‐wide control strategy for a continuous pharmaceutical plant

The design of an effective plant‐wide control strategy is a key challenge for the development of future continuous pharmaceutical processes. This article presents a case study for the design of a plant‐wide control structure for a system inspired by an end‐to‐end continuous pharmaceutical pilot plant. A hierarchical decomposition strategy is used to classify control objectives. A plant‐wide dynamic model of the process is used to generate parametric sensitivities, which provide a basis for the synthesis of control loops. Simulations for selected disturbances illustrate that the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the final product can be kept close to specification in the presence of significant and persistent disturbances. Furthermore, it is illustrated how selected CQAs of the final product can be brought simultaneously to a new setpoint while maintaining the remaining CQAs at a constant value during this transition. The latter result shows flexibility to control CQAs independently of each other. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3671–3685, 2013     

GaAs参量振荡产生太赫兹波的腔相位匹配研究

基于腔相位匹配的方法,研究了GaAs微片状晶体构成的光学微腔光参量振荡产生太赫兹波的条件与参数设计.计算了腔相位匹配下GaAs晶体的最优化腔长,通过调节GaAs晶体的温度研究了太赫兹波的输出情况,模拟了不同波长下最低的能量阈值.结果表明,在完全相位匹配很难实现的情况下,采用腔相位匹配能很容易地实现大范围的太赫兹波调谐输出.结果为小型化光学太赫兹源的实验与理论研究提供了参考.     

化学机械抛光制程中铜抛光液平坦化能力的评估

The evaluation methods of planarization capability of copper slurry are investigated.Planarization capability and material removal rate are the most essential properties of slurry.The goal of chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) is to achieve a flat and smooth surface.Planarization capability is the elimination capability of the step height on the copper pattern wafer surface,and reflects the passivation capability of the slurry to a certain extent.Through analyzing the planarization mechanism of the CMP process and experimental results,the planarization capability of the slurry can be evaluated by the following five aspects:pressure sensitivity,temperature sensitivity,static etch rate,planarization efficiency and saturation properties.     

电机用气体冷却器模态动力特性有限元分析

简述了有限元分析理论中的ANSYSAPDL参数化建模技术,并应用该技术对某型号气体冷却器进行参数化有限元建模与模态分析。结果表明,该方法可以实现气体冷却器模态分析的参数化与自动化。计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析表明,仿真结果在关键频率上与试验结果较为吻合,为提高气体冷却器结构模态动力特性前端设计提供了有效的参考依据。     

敏感系数对微波毫米波器件性能指标影响分析

从数学分析的角度给出了一种确定微波毫米波器件敏感系数的方法.可以较为准确地求出器件对某一尺寸变异所引起的工作特性的变化.并以同轴线为例具体讨论了敏感系数的求解方法,给出了根据同轴线特性阻抗所确定的敏感系数表达式,并计算了其各项结构尺寸变异量值的大小.以此证明了该方法在器件设计上的所具有的理论指导意义.     

冷热电蓄能联供微网系统优化配置的影响因素

冷热电蓄能联供微网系统具有环保、节能、经济等特点,有着良好的发展前景和应用价值.但存在多方面因素不同程度地影响着系统的优化配置结果.以经济性为优化目标,构建冷热电蓄能联供的微网系统优化模型,运用DER-CAM软件对系统进行优化仿真测算.分析了燃气价格、电价和分布式能源投资三个关键因素对优化配置的影响.通过应用DER-CAM软件的优化仿真测算得出结论,在5％的变动率范围内,电价是最为敏感的因素,当变动率超过5％后,分布式能源投资成为最敏感因素.     

V形大推力直线超声电机定子振动的有限元分析

为适应需要大推力的直线超声电机的应用场合,提出了一种具有双变幅杆的V形电机。电机主要包括定子和动子两部分。定子由互相垂直、头部相连的两个兰杰文振子组成,它们完全对称且具有相同的一阶纵振模态。两个一阶纵振模态合成并通过定子和动子之间的摩擦作用,驱动动子作直线运动。为了获得较大推力,将V形电机定子设计成具有一定锥度的变幅杆。电机定子的结构参数对其动态特性有着重要的影响,用有限元法计算了不同结构参数对电机定子的一阶纵振频率和头部振幅的影响,计算了电机定子的一阶纵振频率和头部振幅对结构参数的灵敏度。建立定子优化模型来获得头部较大振幅以及具有合适的工作频率。参考灵敏度分析结果,设置设计变量时,灵敏度较大的结构参数变化范围设置较大些,以增大定子头部振幅为目标函数。根据仿真结果研制了电机样品并进行了性能实验,当激励电压的峰-峰值V_p-p=300 V、工作频率f=27.3 kHz时,电机的最大输出推力接近40 N,最高输出速度为100 mm/s,电机的输出性能呈现出低速、大推力的特点。     

Low‐power,low‐noise,active‐RC band‐pass filters using a ‘lossy’ LP–BP transformation

A new and straightforward design procedure for simple canonical topologies of allpole, active‐RC, low‐selectivity band‐pass (BP) filters, with low sensitivity to component tolerances is presented. The procedure is primarily intended for discrete‐component, low‐power filter applications using just one amplifier for relatively high‐order filters. The design procedure starts out with an ‘optimized’ low‐pass (LP) prototype filter, yielding an ‘optimized’ BP filter, whereby the wealth of ‘optimized’ single‐amplifier LP filter designs can be exploited. Using a so‐called ‘lossy’ LP–BP transformation, closed‐form design equations for the design of second‐ to eighth‐order, single‐amplifier BP filters are presented. The low sensitivity, low power consumption, and low noise features of the resulting circuits, as well as the influence of the finite gain‐bandwidth product and component spread, are demonstrated for the case of a fourth‐order filter example. The optimized single‐opamp fourth‐order filter is compared with other designs, such as the cascade of optimized Biquads. Using PSpice with a TL081 opamp model, the filter performance is simulated and the results compared and verified with measurements of a discrete‐component breadboard filter using 1% resistors, 1% capacitors, and a TL081 opamp. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进粒子群算法的配电网无功优化的研究

以有功网损最小为目标函数,以负荷节点电能质量和发电机的无功出力为罚函数,建立配电无功优化的模型。首先采用无功灵敏度分析方法确定补偿地点,然后对基本粒子群算法进行改进,最后用matpower中的算例对比分析了两种算法的优化结果,证明了无功优化模型和改进的粒子群算法的有效性与准确性。     

求解多目标协调二级电压控制的简化强化学习方法

以最小化分区内主导节点电压偏差和发电机无功出力比例的方差为目标,建立多目标协调二级电压控制模型,可协调变电站容抗器与发电机自动电压调节器的动作。针对其控制特点和在线优化的要求,提出一种简化强化学习求解方法。为了加快奖励值的传播速度,该方法定义了新的状态函数,并在主循环之前利用全局搜索来实现初始值定位和状态空间的自主压缩,从而极大地提高搜索效率;在主循环的搜索过程中采用基于状态敏感度的自适应学习阶段划分准则,实现学习经验搜索与利用的平衡;将单次动作的变量选择范围扩大到所有控制变量,使得在有限循环次数下的搜索尽可能覆盖到整个状态空间。为了反映系统的当前偏好信息,引入实时权重系数的概念,并在求得帕累托前沿后根据实时权重选出最优控制。算例分析分别从帕累托前沿质量、优化时间、收敛率以及实时权重的控制效果四个方面验证了简化强化学习方法和实时权重系数的优越性。